Some scholarly descriptions of the palaces treat the Mexuar as merely one part of the larger Comares Palace. [136] [137] Al-Ikhlas 112:1-4. - Al-Falaq 113:1-5. - An-Nas 114:1-6 - Whoever recites these three times in the morning and in the evening, they will suffice him (as a protection) against everything. The Hadith was reported by Abu Dawud 4/322, and At-Tirmithi 5/567. See Al-Albani's Sahih At-Tirmithi 3/182. When you say this in the evening, you should say: Allaahumma maa 'amsaa bee...: "O Allah, as I... enter this evening..." The Vase of the Gazelles at the Alhambra Museum Bronze lamp from the Alhambra Mosque, dated to 1305 (housed at the National Archaeological Museum) a b Brown, Jonathan (1986). "Review of The Palace of Charles V in Granada". The American Historical Review. 91 (5): 1219–1220. doi: 10.2307/1864465. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1864465. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022 . Retrieved 9 February 2022.

Bismillaahir-Rahmaanir-Raheem. Qul Huwallaahu 'Ahad. Allaahus-Samad. Lam yalid wa lam yoolad. Wa lam yakun lahu kufuwan 'ahad. Bismillaahir-Rahmaanir-Raheem. Qul 'a'oo thu birabbin-naas. Malikin-naas. 'Ilaahin-naas. Min sharril-waswaasil-khannaas. Alla thee yuwaswisu fee sudoorin-naas. Minal-jinnati wannaas. Allaahumma maa 'asbaha bee min ni'matin 'aw bi'ahadin min khalqika faminka wahdaka laa shareeka laka, falakal-hamdu wa lakash-shukru. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)

During the Nasrid era, the Alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of Granada below. [6] It contained most of the amenities of a Muslim city such as a Friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system. [11] [12] As a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the Albaicín quarter. [6] The most famous and best-preserved are the Mexuar, the Comares Palace, the Palace of the Lions, and the Partal Palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today. The other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations. [13] [14] At the Alhambra's western tip is the Alcazaba fortress. Multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the Alhambra's walls. Outside the Alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the Generalife, a former Nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens. [15] [12] Federico García Lorca's play Doña Rosita the Spinster, mentioned by title character Doña Rosita in her song/speech to the Manola sisters. a b c d M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Ceramics; IV. 1250–1500; D. Spain and North Africa.". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911. When you say this in the evening you should say: Allaahumma bika 'amsaynaa wa bika 'asbahnaa, wa bika nahyaa, wa bika namoot, wa 'ilaykal-maseer : "O Allah, You bring us the end of the day as You bring us its beginning, You bring us life and you bring us death, and to You is our fate." 2Sahih At-Tirmithi 3/142.' For evening recitation, say here: Allaahumma 'innee 'as'aluka khayra haathihil-laylati: "My Lord, I ask You for the good things of this night."

Review: SEABOURNE Steps 2 & 3". Gramophone. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019 . Retrieved 1 June 2019. Scheindlin, Raymond P. (1993–1994). "El poema de Ibn Gabirol y la fuente de los leones". Cuadernos de la Alhambra. 29–30: 185–190. Allaahumma 'innee 'a'oo thu bika minal-kufri, walfaqri, wa 'a'oo thu bika min 'a thaabil-qabri, laa 'ilaaha 'illaa 'Anta. (three times) Robinson, Cynthia (2008). "Marginal Ornament: Poetics, Mimesis, And Devotion In The Palace Of The Lions". Muqarnas. 25: 193. ISBN 9789047426745. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022 . Retrieved 13 April 2022. Further information: Palacio del Partal Alto and Palace of the Convent of San Francisco The Convent of Saint Francis was built over the remains of a former Nasrid palace. The building is now a Parador (state-owned hotel).O Allah, make me healthy in my body. O Allah, preserve for me my hearing. O Allah, preserve for me my sight. There is none worthy of worship but You . (Recite three times in Arabic.)

Three other major Nasrid-era palaces once existed but were largely destroyed over the centuries. The excavated remains of the Palacio del Partal Alto ('Upper Partal Palace'), also known as the Palacio del Conde del Tendilla ('Palace of the Count of Tendilla'), are incorporated today into the Partal Gardens. The palace dates from the time of Muhammad II, with later renovations and modifications, and is the oldest palace in the Alhambra of which traces have been found. [39] Whoever recites this in the morning, has completed his obligation to thank Allah for that day; and whoever says it in the evening, has completed his obligation for that night. Abu Dawud 4/318, An-Nasa'i 'Amalul-Yawm wal-Laylah (no. 7), Ibn As-Sunni (no. 41), Ibn Hibban (no. 2361). Its chain of transmission is good (Hasan), Ibn Baz, p. 24. Glory is to Allah and praise is to Him, by the multitude of His creation, by His Pleasure, by the weight of His Throne, and by the extent of His Words. (Recite three times in Arabic upon rising in the morning .) While the walls and rooms of the Alhambra are devoid of furnishings today, they would have originally been decorated and filled with many objects such as carpets, floor cushions, and tapestries or similar objects to be hung on the walls. [226] The custom of sitting on the ground explains why some of the windows in the miradors (lookout rooms) were situated so low, where the eyeline of seated persons would be. [226]

a b c d García-Pulido, Luis José (20 June 2016). "The Mastery in Hydraulic Techniques for Water Supply at the Alhambra". Journal of Islamic Studies. 27 (3): 355–382. doi: 10.1093/jis/etw016. ISSN 0955-2340. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018 . Retrieved 19 November 2018. Court of the Myrtles". Alhambra de Granada. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016 . Retrieved 18 February 2022. Granja, F. de la (2008). "Ibn Zamrak". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill. ISBN 9789004161214. One of the Alhambra Mosque's annexes, the baths (hammam), has been preserved on the east side of the church today and is accessible from the main street. Like other Islamic baths, it provided general hygiene to the local residents as well as the means to perform the ritual ablutions ( ghusl) for religious purposes. [208] Although sometimes eroticized in Romantic western literature, visitors attended the baths strictly with members of the same sex and wore cloths or towels around their private parts. [208] These baths were constructed under Muhammad III along with the mosque. They may have been partly demolished in 1534 before being incorporated into a residential house during the 17th and 18th centuries. The preserved remains were significant enough to enable their restoration and reconstruction in 1934. [209]

Allaahumma 'innee 'asbahtu 'ush-hiduka wa 'ush-hidu hamalata 'arshika, wa malaa'ikataka wajamee'a khalqika, 'annaka 'Antallaahu laa 'ilaaha 'illaa 'Anta wahdaka laa shareeka laka, wa 'anna Muhammadan 'abduka wa Rasooluka. Little is known about the architects and craftsmen who built the Alhambra, but more is known about the Dīwān al-Ins͟hā', or chancery. [98] This institution seems to have played an increasingly important role in the design of buildings, probably because inscriptions came to feature so prominently in their decoration. [99] [100] The head of the chancery was often also the vizier (prime minister) of the sultan. Although not exactly architects, the terms of office of many individuals in these positions coincide with the major phases of construction in the Alhambra, which suggests that they played a role in leading construction projects. [100] The most important figures who held these positions, such as Ibn al-Jayyab, Ibn al-Khatib, and Ibn Zamrak, also composed much of the poetry that adorns the walls of the Alhambra. Ibn al-Jayyab served as head of the chancery at various times between 1295 and 1349 under six sultans from Muhammad II to Yusuf I. [99] [100] Ibn al-Khatib served as both head of the chancery and as vizier for various periods between 1332 and 1371, under the sultans Yusuf I and Muhammad V. [99] [100] Ibn Zamrak served as vizier and head of the chancery for periods between 1354 and 1393, under Muhammad V and Muhammad VII. [99] [100] [101] Decoration [ edit ] Stucco-carved muqarnas (or mocárabes) in the Palace of the Lions At the end of the passage coming from the Puerta de la Justicia is the Plaza de los Aljibes ('Place of the Cisterns'), a broad open space which divides the Alcazaba from the Nasrid Palaces. The plaza is named after a large cistern dating to around 1494, commissioned by Iñigo López de Mondoza y Quiñones. The cistern was one of the first works carried out in the Alhambra after the 1492 conquest and it filled what was previously a gully between the Alcazaba and the palaces. [125] On the east side of the square is the Puerta del Vino (Wine Gate) which leads to the Palace of Charles V and to the former residential neighbourhoods (the medina) of the Alhambra. [121] [126] The gate's construction is attributed to the reign of Muhammad III, although the decoration dates from different periods. Both the inner and outer façades of the gate are embellished with ceramic decoration filing the spandrels of the arches and stucco decoration above. On the western side of the gate is the carving of a key symbol like the one on the Puerta de la Justicia. [127] The Puerta de las Armas ('Gate of Arms'), the main northern gate of the Alhambra, from the 13th century The Council was known as the "Council of the Alhambra and of the Palace of Charles V" until 1951, when it became known as the "Council of the Alhambra and the Generalife". [81] On the south side of the courtyard, the Sala de los Abencerrajes ('Hall of the Abencerrages') derives its name from a legend according to which the father of Boabdil, the last sultan of Granada, having invited the chiefs of that line to a banquet, massacred them here. [169] It is covered by an elaborate muqarnas vault ceiling, featuring a 16-sided lantern cupola in the shape of an eight-pointed star, possibly symbolizing the celestial heaven. [170] [171] [172] On the north side of the courtyard is the Sala de Dos Hermanas ('Hall of Two Sisters'), so-called because of two large slabs of marble that form part of the pavement. Its original Arabic name was al-Qubba al-Kubrā (Arabic: القبة الكبرى, lit.'the Great Dome'), suggesting it had a particular significance. [170] The hall is covered by one of the most remarkable muqarnas domes in Islamic art. The muqarnas composition consists of at least 5000 prismatic pieces, unfolding from the central summit into sixteen miniature domes right above the level of the windows. [173] [174]

Alhambra | Granada, Spain Attractions". Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022 . Retrieved 10 February 2022. To the north of the Sala de Dos Hermanas, and accessed through it, is the Mirador de Lindaraja, a small projecting room with double-arched windows on three sides which overlook the gardens below. The name Lindaraja is a corruption of Arabic 'Ayn Dar 'Aisha (Arabic: عين دار عائشة, lit.'Eye of the House of 'Aisha'). [175] This small chamber has some of the most sophisticated carved stucco decoration in the Alhambra and retains original mosaic tilework that features very fine Arabic inscriptions. [176] [177] [173] The room is also covered by a unique vault ceiling consisting of a wooden lattice shaped into an interlacing geometric motif and filled with pieces of coloured glass. [176] Renaissance apartments and courtyards [ edit ] The Lindaraja Courtyard, formed in the 16th century We have entered a new day 1 and with it all dominion is Allah's. Praise is to Allah. None has the right to be worshipped but Allah alone, Who has no partner. To Allah belongs the dominion, and to Him is the praise and He is Able to do all things. My Lord, I ask You for the goodness of this day and of the days that come after it, and I seek refuge in You from the evil of this day and of the days that come after it. 2 My Lord, I seek refuge in You from laziness and helpless old age. My Lord, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of Hell-fire , and from the punishment of the grave. 3 When you say this in the evening you should say, Allaahumma 'innee 'amsaytu. . . .: "O Allah, I have ended another day..."