Phonological and phonemic awareness exercises are purely oral acitivities. The child listens to sounds and responds. No words or letters are read.

As children begin to learn to read, they need to have an awareness of how sounds are structured in words, and be able to manipulate these sounds. Mr Tongue lives inside his mouth house, "Hello". He loves to explore and make sounds with his mouth. Dental Health: Tongue-ties may contribute to dental problems such as tooth decay, gum disease, and misalignment of teeth. Correcting the tongue-tie can promote better oral hygiene and help prevent potential long-term dental issues. Emerging at the anterior limit of the hyoglossus, the sublingual arteries course between the mylohyoid and genioglossus as it travels towards the sublingual glands in the floor of the oral cavity. As it arborizes, one of its branches anastomoses with the submental branches of the facial artery, while another traverses the gingiva of the mandible to anastomose with the analogous contralateral vessel. Apraxia of speech is difficulty coordinating the movements for speech even though there is nothing wrong with the muscles.Barrier games are a great way to get children talking and help them to understand what information they need to include so you understand. Even better you can use your own toys to play! Here are some ideas using Duplo/Lego and Mr Potato Head! Having a tongue-tie can make it difficult for your child to say certain sounds, but it won't have an impact on their overall language development ( read more about the differences between speech and language here). To explain it simply, speech involves what happens in the mouth, and a tongue-tie can affect speech. However, language development takes place in the brain and is not influenced by a tongue-tie. The impact of tongue-ties and their release on speech has been the subject of ongoing research. Let's take a look at some recent findings:

Another important point to note is that the tongue is embryologically divided into an anterior and a posterior part. The anterior part of the tongue is also called the oral or presulcal part of the tongue. Conversely, the posterior part of the tongue is referred to as the pharyngeal or postsulcal part of the tongue. Lastly, avoid interchanging the words root and base when discussing the tongue, as these represent two anatomically distinct areas. The base of the tongue refers to the postsulcal part that forms the ventral wall of the oropharynx, while the root of the tongue refers to a part of the presulcal tongue that is attached to the floor of the oral cavity. The intrinsic tongue muscles are responsible for adjusting the shape and orientation of the organ. It is made up of four paired muscles, which are discussed below in a dorsoventral manner. Often, our kiddos speak words that we don’t understand. Children below the age of 4 often are unable to make the correct letter sound, such as k, c or l. Most children don’t need a speech therapist and these speech issues resolve on their own. You can help your child by understanding the cause of speech articulation problems. And also, by trying out tongue exercises and activities to develop their oral motor skills. Speech Sound Challenges for Toddlers As you consider a possible tongue-tie diagnosis and correction plan, it's likely that you will be talking to multiple professionals on this list. It's important to note that they may not all provide the same recommendations. Trust your instincts as a parent and consider how your child's tongue-tie is affecting their daily life. Tongue-ties are often corrected in infancy when babies experience issues such as reflux, gas due to excessive air intake while nursing, difficulty latching, and painful nursing for both you and your baby.The postsulcal tongue, circumvallate papillae, palatoglossal arches, and oropharynx are governed by the glossopharyngeal nerve ( CN IX). The vagus nerve (CN X) only provides supply to taste buds in the pharyngeal extremity of the tongue. These impulses are conveyed by the internal laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve, via the pharyngeal plexus. Are you surprised by how much there is to learn about the tongue? Be sure to remember the importance of active recall when learning this topic!

The oral and pharyngeal part of the tongue eventually fuses, forming a V-shaped junction known as the sulcus terminalis. While the connective tissue and vascular supply of the tongue mostly originate from the preceding pharyngeal arches, the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles are myoblast derivatives originating from the occipital myotomes. The marginal lymph vessels will carry lymph to the submandibular nodes or to the jugulo -omohyoid nodes. It is not uncommon to see lymph vessels decussating to drain to contralateral lymph nodes. The vessels from the central region may go to the deep cervical nodes, with a particular preference for the jugulo-omohyoid or jugulodigastric nodes. The dorsal group of vessels also pass laterally on either side to eventually join the marginal vessels in their course to the jugulo-omohyoid and jugulodigastric vessels. InnervationThe development of taste buds begins as the last of the papillae are formed in the 11th week of gestation. Their formation is influenced by the invading special sensory nerve fibers, as well as inductive factors from the surrounding epithelium. Although the majority of these specialized gustatory receptors will develop on the dorsum of the tongue, they also arise on the hard and soft palates, dorsum of the epiglottis, palatoglossal arches, and the posterior oropharyngeal wall. Taste bud development is concluded around the 13th gestational week. Nerve supply Owing to the fact that each pharyngeal arch has its own neurovascular bundle, the derivatives of these pouches will also take their nerve supply from these sources as well. The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) carries sensory impulses arising from the derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch. Since this arch gave rise to the tuberculum impar and lateral lingual swellings (which forms the oral part of the tongue), the mucosa of this entire area sends afferent impulses via the lingual branch of CN V3. Generally, if your child has had or is having difficulty with feeding due to their tongue-tie, then intervention to release the tie would be advised. Your health visitor or GP will be able to guide you with this.

Teaching children to clap out words into individualsyllables can really help their speech but is also really useful for spelling too.

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Styloglossus and palatoglossus are the two muscles arising from above. Palatoglossus is anatomically a part of the pharyngeal group of muscles. However, its attachments to the tongue mean that it is also an extrinsic tongue muscle. It originates from the oral part of the aponeurosis of the soft palate. Here, and also at its insertion in the lateral margins of tongue, the muscle is wider than along its middle section. Its role as an extrinsic tongue muscle is to elevate the dorsal surface of the tongue, and (while working synergistically with the contralateral palatoglossus) to act as a sphincter at the oropharyngeal isthmus. Rest top teeth on bottom lip and blow gently for /f/. Use the same mouth placement for /v/; voiced. Put the tongue between the teeth /th/.