The main investigation is radiographic imaging (Fig. 3), used to assess hallux valgux; it is often useful for the degree of lateral deviation and signs of joint subluxation. In humans, the hallux is usually longer than the second toe, but in some individuals, it may not be the longest toe. There is an inherited trait in humans, where the dominant gene causes a longer second toe (" Morton's toe" or "Greek foot") while the homozygous recessive genotype presents with the more common trait: a longer hallux. [2] People with the rare genetic disease fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva characteristically have a short hallux which appears to turn inward, or medially, in relation to the foot. Paracetamol is a good general pain management medication. It is used to help manage lots of different types of pain.

The exact cause is unclear. [1] Proposed factors include wearing overly tight shoes, high-heeled shoes, family history, and rheumatoid arthritis. [2] [3] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and supported by X-rays. [2] A similar condition of the little toe is referred to as a bunionette. [2] If the pain continues despite conservative management, surgery may be considered. There are a number of procedures possible dependent upon the symptoms you present with, the severity of the wear and tear within the Cheng, Ming-Huei; Wei, Fu-Chan; Santamaria, Eric; Cheng, Shao-Lung; Lin, Chih-Hung; Chen, Samuel H. T. (1998). "Single versus Double Arterial Anastomoses in Combined Second- and Third-Toe Transplantation". Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 102 (7): 2408–12, discussion 2413. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199812000-00021. PMID 9858177. S2CID 12036342. Reina M, Lafuente G, Munuera PV. Effect of custom-made foot orthoses in female hallux valgus after one-year follow up. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2013 Apr. 37 (2):113-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Triepel, H. (1908). Memorial on the anatomical nomenclature of the anatomical society. In A. Rose (Ed.), Medical Greek. Collection of papers on medical onomatology and a grammatical guide to learn modern Greek (pp. 176–93). New York: Peri Hellados publication office.O músculo extensor longo do hálux está localizado entre dois músculos, posterolateralmente ao tibial anterior e posteromedialmente ao músculo extensor longo dos dedos. A artéria e a veia tibiais anteriores e o nervo fibular (peroneal) profundo seguem entre o extensor longo do hálux e os músculos tibiais anteriores.

Kaufmann G, Mörtlbauer L, Hofer-Picout P, Dammerer D, Ban M, Liebensteiner M. Five-Year Follow-up of Minimally Invasive Distal Metatarsal Chevron Osteotomy in Comparison with the Open Technique: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020 May 20. 102 (10):873-879. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Treatment may include proper shoes, orthotics, or NSAIDs. [2] If this is not effective for improving symptoms, surgery may be performed. [2] It affects about 23% of adults. [1] Females are affected more often than males. [2] Usual age of onset is between 20 and 50 years old. [1] The condition also becomes more common with age. [1] It was first clearly described in 1870. [1] Archaeologists have found a high incidence of bunions in skeletons from 14th- and 15th-century England, coinciding with a fashion for pointy shoes. [5] [6] Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Drawing of a bunion An inability to move or bend your big toe (you might feel pain or a burning feeling when you bend your toe). This type of surgery is also known as joint fusion. It’s used to treat advanced hallux rigidus involving severe joint damage. Dittmar, Jenna M.; Mitchell, Piers D.; Cessford, Craig; Inskip, Sarah A.; Robb, John E. (2021-06-11). "Fancy shoes and painful feet: Hallux valgus and fracture risk in medieval Cambridge, England". International Journal of Paleopathology. 35: 90–100. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.04.012. ISSN 1879-9817. PMC 8631459. PMID 34120868.

Complications of hallux valgus include avascular necrosis, non-union, displacement and reduced ROM. Lin YC, Cheng YM, Chang JK, Chen CH, Huang PJ. Minimally invasive distal metatarsal osteotomy for mild-to-moderate hallux valgus deformity. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2009 Aug. 25 (8):431-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

You could use a heat pad or a hot water bottle with an insulated cover on it. Make sure this is not too hot and is not directly touching your skin. Matricali GA, Vermeersch G, Busschots E, Fieuws S, Deschamps K. Prospective randomized comparative study on V-Y and pants-over-vest capsulorraphy in chevron and scarf osteotomy. Acta Orthop Belg. 2014 Jun. 80 (2):280-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].There’s no known cause of hallux rigidus, but several risk factors have been identified. Risk factors include: