Who Rules the World?

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But again who rules “the world”? Is it ruled by the people? The normal Americans who go to vote every four years? Nope. Actually, in the 2016 election, about 94 million eligible US voters avoided the election because they believed their vote won’t make a difference. No matter who the president is, the policies especially the foreign policy of the US will not change because it is controlled by “Masters of Mankind” as the author calls them. And these are the big corporations and financial institutions. They are the principal architects of government policy and who pursue their “vile maxim”: “All for ourselves and nothing for other people”. They represent what they term “the national interest”. A term that is used again and again to represent their interests and not the people, just like how “the world” does not represents the actual world. US invaded Iraq resulting in hundreds of thousands killed and millions of refugees along with barbarous torture and destructions. Meanwhile igniting sectarian conflict that is tearing the region to shreds and laying the basis for ISIS monstrosity along with their ally Saudi Arabia is categorised as 'stabilization'. On the other hand, Iran poses no military threat, its strategic doctrines are defensive and its nuclear program (have no effect to produce bombs as far as intelligence can determine) are a central part of US's deterrent strategy.

Se porventura duvidam da eficácia desta receita, sugiro que leiam "O Homem Que Plantava Árvores", que vos irá deliciar com um exemplo gratificante e convincente. 👍 All of these moves remain immune to Washington’s overwhelming military power, short of annihilation by nuclear war, which would destroy the US as well. Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2022-01-01 14:18:36 Bookplateleaf 0004 Boxid IA40273916 Camera USB PTP Class Camera Collection_set printdisabled External-identifier Mr. Chomsky keeps giving the readers so many examples of the atrocities committed by “the world”. Some of them I knew about and others I had no idea about. An example, three Israelis get killed in Cyprus. Israel retaliates by bombing Tunis. Israel conceded that the killers had nothing to do with Tunis. But because Tunis is a more preferable target as it is defenseless and because of the extra benefit that it has more exiled Palestinians who could be killed there!

There are, to be sure, ways of looking at the world from different standpoints. But let us keep to these three regions, surely critically important ones. The challenges today: east Asia I don't agree with [this] assumption. The major journals are, I think, an indispensable source of information. They do of course reflect particularly perspectives, but careful reading and when relevant investigation of other sources can compensate for that. As is the case with his other political writings, Chomsky’s chooses breadth over depth in Who Rules the World? It is written as an overview—from a radical perspective—of a range of different foreign policy issues. For this reason, whether or not Chomsky deserves to be included in more foreign policy syllabuses depends on the objectives of the course. Nonetheless, it is not difficult to see how Chomsky’s perspective on the motives behind foreign policy and how this relates to the situation on home soil has clear and particular relevance for American studies students, since they are expected to critically engage with both the domestic and foreign manifestations of American power. However, Chomsky closes his deliberations with the powerful alternative question to the opening one - i.e. "What principles and values rule the world?' Fierce, unsparing, and meticulously documented, Who Rules the World? delivers the indispensable understanding of the central issues of our time that we have come to expect from Chomsky.

A common feature of successful insurgencies, Polk records, is that once popular support dissolves after victory, the leadership suppresses the “dirty and nasty people” who actually won the war with guerrilla tactics and terror, for fear that they might challenge class privilege. The elites’ contempt for “the lower class of these people” has taken various forms throughout the years. In Who Rules the World?, Chomsky’s target audience and methods differ somewhat from traditional academic treatments of US foreign policy. His analyses are concise but brief vignettes on a relatively broad range of issues relating to American power, including the Israel-Palestine conflict, the threat of nuclear war and relations with Iran. Nonetheless, a handful of common themes thread the essays together, providing answers to the question posed by the title of the book. The west sees Nato enlargement as benign. Not surprisingly, Russia, along with much of the Global South, has a different opinion, as do some prominent western voices. George Kennan warned early on that Nato enlargement is a “tragic mistake”, and he was joined by senior American statesmen in an open letter to the White House describing it as a “policy error of historic proportions”.which hopefully will guide the choices as to how our 'rulers' should respond to the challenges ahead. US and its Western allies are sure to do whatever they can to prevent authentic democracy in the Arab World, which is quite evident from their support to the Isreali government over Palestinian occupation. Ever since the Oslo Accords declared Gaza and West Bank as an indivisible territorial unity, the US Isreal duo have been committed to separating the two regions through illegal means, massive killings and injustices. US has been at the peak of power after World War II but since 1970's, the US share of global wealth have fallen by 25% and industrial world have become tripolar: North America, Europe and East Asia. Though US still remains the most powerful state in the world, global power is continuing to diversify hence US is increasingly unable to impose its will.

Chomsky is credited with the creation of the theory of generative grammar, considered to be one of the most significant contributions to the field of linguistics made in the 20th century. He also helped spark the cognitive revolution in psychology through his review of B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior, in which he challenged the behaviorist approach to the study of behavior and language dominant in the 1950s. His naturalistic approach to the study of language has affected the philosophy of language and mind. He is also credited with the establishment of the Chomsky hierarchy, a classification of formal languages in terms of their generative power. Beginning with his critique of the Vietnam War in the 1960s, Chomsky has become more widely known for his media criticism and political activism, and for his criticism of the foreign policy of the United States and other governments. Again, the invasion was horrifying enough, and its aftermath is utterly grotesque. Nevertheless, it could have been far worse. By 1967, when the antiwar movement was becoming a significant force, military historian and Vietnam specialist Bernard Fall warned that “Vietnam as a cultural and historic entity … is threatened with extinction … [as] the countryside literally dies under the blows of the largest military machine ever unleashed on an area of this size”.The world’s leading intellectual offers a probing examination of the waning American Century, the nature of U.S. policies post-9/11, and the perils of valuing power above democracy and human rights Ninety-five percent of Turks opposed that course of action and, to the amazement and horror of Washington, the Turkish government adhered to their views. Turkey was bitterly condemned for this departure from responsible behavior. Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, designated by the press as the “idealist-in-chief” of the administration, berated the Turkish military for permitting the malfeasance of the government and demanded an apology. Unperturbed by these and innumerable other illustrations of our fabled “yearning for democracy”, respectable commentary continued to laud President George W Bush for his dedication to “democracy promotion”, or sometimes criticized him for his naivete in thinking that an outside power could impose its democratic yearnings on others. In fact, the US stand is far stronger. It does not tolerate what is officially called “successful defiance” of the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, which declared (but could not yet implement) US control of the hemisphere. And a small country that carries out such successful defiance may be subjected to “the terrors of the earth” and a crushing embargo – as happened to Cuba. In the process, Chomsky provides a brilliant anatomy of just how U.S. elites have grown ever more insulated from any democratic constraints on their power. While the broader population is lulled into apathy—diverted to consumerism or hatred of the vulnerable—the corporations & the rich have increasingly been allowed to do as they please.